Political Science And Political Philosophy Essay - 3559 Words

Introduction Political science is a an academic discipline. It is a part of social science which discuss about government and politics. It generally analyses the methods and policies of government. It is the systematic and analytical study of political and government institutions. The procedure and process of governmental policies is explained in political science. In order to define and analyze political science many political thinkers have given different theories. They practiced political science as a political philosophy. They gave their different thought by writing many concept of political philosophy. These theories have helped the people to recognize the actual process of public policies for establishing good governance. It also helps a nation to overcome political conflict. Political philosophy will help the citizens to understand why things need to be changed.†Political philosophy explores the nature, principles, and rationale that underlie the exercise of government†.[H udelson,1999] Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Karl Marx, Thomas Hobbes, john Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau were well known major political thinkers. Plato gives the concept of ideal state where the state is like a human including three elements-philosophers, soldiers and workers .The philosopher is like a king who makes law but he is above law. But this kind of king is not applicable in modern world. We can understand how a state can be governed by Plato with his theory. Aristotle givesShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Political Science1799 Words   |  8 PagesOhlone College The philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, started out with the philosophy of political science while on his trips and visits neighboring countries outside of England to listen to other scientists discuss and learn about different forms of government. While studying, Thomas Hobbes wondered about why people allow themselves to become ruled by the government and would be the ideal form of government best for England. He answered that questioned by stating that since people wereRead MoreThe Difference Between Political Science And Political Philosophy729 Words   |  3 Pageseven though we know how we should behave we don’t always behave that way. The difference between the perfection and reality is the difference between political science and political philosophy. I believe that the field of political science is indeed in contrast to political philosophy. As I already mentioned, the field of political philosophy concentrates on how things ought to be. It makes normative statements about the world and the society. In Plato’s major work Republic, he describes theRead MoreScience Vs. Political Philosophy929 Words   |  4 PagesScience vs Political Philosophy, can one know exactly when life begins? Most certainly, Yes! Most â€Å"pro-choice† activist believe that the life/soul doesn’t begin until the fetus exits the womb. We can concur that this is false by stating the fact; earliest human embryo is biologically alive. It fulfills the four criteria needed to establish biological life: metabolism, growth, reaction to stimuli, and reproduction. (1) Second we can conclude that the law on abortion is â€Å"absolute right to abortion†Read MoreThomas Hobbes And The Philosophy Of Political Science1729 Words   |  7 PagesHe started out on the philosophy of political science while on his trips and visits to o ther countries outside of England to listen to other scientists and learn different forms of government. While studying, Thomas Hobbes wondered about why people were allowing themselves to be ruled and what would a great form of government for England. He reasoned that people were naturally wicked and shouldn’t be trusted to govern themselves because they were selfish creatures and would do anything to betterRead MoreConfucianism Is A Comprehensive System Of Thought And Behavior Encompassing Religion, Philosophy, Morality, And Political Science1441 Words   |  6 PagesConfucianism is a â€Å"comprehensive system of thought and behaviour encompassing religion, philosophy, morality, and political science.† Its teachings have shaped the political and social development of China for hundreds of years, and leaves its mark in ancient history. Confucius’s teachings dealt mainly with personal and political morality - he taught what it meant to be a just ruler and a m an of principles and honour. His teachings sought to restore the Mandate of Heaven to the rulers in order forRead MorePolitics And Progress : The Emergence Of American Political Science1013 Words   |  5 PagesProgress: The Emergence of American Political Science by Dennis Mahoney is an account of the origins of contemporary political science in the Progressive Movement. In the book, Mahoney, attempts to show how American political science came to be due to the influence of three different factors. The first factor is German Historicism and its allgemeine Staatslehre, or general State theory. The second factor is philosophical pragmatism and the final factor is political Progressivism. Mahoney also writesRead MoreThe Machiavelli s Political Philosophy1575 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli’s Political Philosophy Precede It is fundamentally important to preface the discussion hosted in this essay by addressing ourselves to the most mundane question-why consider Machiavelli in the context of philosophy, least of all, political philosophy? This question dominates any philosophical inquiries of the Machiavelli’s political ideologies. Put differently, do the contributions by Niccolà ² Machiavelli to the various salient discourses in the Western thought, most notably political theoryRead MorePolitical Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes1396 Words   |  6 Pagesapplication of the science Of man to the construction of the community Explain this remark and discuss what reasons there might be for thinking it is not true/i/centerbrbrIn this essay I intend to examine the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, and attempt to explain why their ideas prove that it is not possible to construct a science of man.brbrI w ill also briefly mention the philosophy of Donald DavidsonRead MorePolitical Philosophy And The Role It Plays Today1598 Words   |  7 PagesWESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT What is Political Philosophy? And the Role it Plays Today Savannah Dye 9/17/2015 â€Æ' â€Å"Political philosophy† and â€Å"political theory† are versatile, yet relative terms. Ironically, the most unifying aspect of both definitions is their fluidity. One of the only things that theorists concur on is the purpose of a political theory, which is to incite change to a certain degree. The intention of political theorists and political philosophers alike is to unveil the deeperRead More Roman and Greek Philosophys Influence on Todays Western Culture780 Words   |  4 Pages Advances in Art, science and politics were made in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Greek philosophers were among the first in the West to explore nature in a rational way and to make educated guesses about the creation of the world and the universe. This is why Greece is often referred to as the birthplace of Western culture. The ancient Greeks viewed the world in a way that one would today perhaps describe as holistic. Science, philosophy, art and politics were interwoven and combined

Does God Exist - 1417 Words

Does God exist? Does God exist? This seemingly simple question is in fact loaded with a myriad of twists and turns that scientists and theologians have debated for years without reaching an accepted conclusion. Part of the problem lies in the many definitions of God. Traditionally it is accepted that God is a supreme being, infallible, perfect, and existing outside of the material world of humanity. It is this definition that is generally used when debating Gods existence. There have been several arguments made using this definition both for and against the existence of God. Arguments for the existence of God typically include metaphysical, empirical, inductive, and subjective types. Arguments against typically include empirical,†¦show more content†¦He states, Most people understand that sexual lust has to do with propagating genes. Copulation in nature tends to lead to reproduction and so to more genetic copies. But in modern society, most copulations involve contraception, designed precisely to avoid reproduction. Altruism probably has origins like those of lust. In our prehistoric past, we would have lived in extended families, surrounded by kin whose interests we might have wanted to promote because they shared our genesÂ… Just as people engaged in sex with contraception are not aware of being motivated by a drive to have babies, it doesnt cross our mind that the reason for do-gooding is based in the fact that our primitive ancestors lived in small groupsÂ… that seems to me to be a highly plausible account for where the desire for morality, the desire for goodness, comes from. In addition, the moral argument, like the design argument, if valid, may indicate a higher being but this being is not necessarily the perfect God presented in most religions. Just as there are numerous arguments for the existence of God there are equally as many arguing against his existence. One of these is the Sociological theory of religion. This theory states that religious gods are the unconscious fabrication of society brought about in order to control individual thought and behavior. The major criticism of this argument is the wide spread nature ofShow MoreRelatedDoes God Exist?1074 Words   |  5 PagesDoes God Exist ? 1. What role do arguments play in answering this question? I think arguments have played an important role in analyzing and understanding the depth of this question, for mankind. Although the question itself seems factual (either it does or it doesn t), yet no arguments have been able to answer this question conclusively, despite many debates going on for centuries. One possible reason for that inconclusiveness may lie in our intuition and the way, humans define God and existenceRead MoreDoes God Exist?1366 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween Jesus and his disciples before Jesus was betrayed by Judas Iscariot. The main philosophical question that arose to me when I saw this painting was if God exists. Depicted in the painting there is a higher being or God watching over Jesus and his disciples. There are many arguments and ideas for the existence of a higher being or God, some of the main ones are; Pascal’s Wager, the Ontological argument, the Cosmological argument, the Teleological argument, the Moral argument, and the argumentRead MoreDo es God Exist1483 Words   |  6 PagesDoes God Exist The question of God’s existence has lingered in the mind of man since the dawn of religion. The simple fact that billions of people consider themselves to have some allegiance to a deity means that this question deserves to be seriously considered. In this paper I will argue for the sake that God does exist and the reasons why. I will include many of the arguments found in our philosophy book and those covered in class as well as other subjects such as human suffering and the reasonsRead MoreDoes God Exist?668 Words   |  3 Pagesculture has its God. Christianity and Islam have their own god; the Romans and Greeks had their Pantheon. A lot of people believe in god have thought that there is more to life the material world around us. It seems arises naturally the world over by believing in god. Does God exist? I believe in God is exists by the philosophical argument: ontological argument, the first cause argument, the argument form design, and the moral argument. Arguments relate to the existence of God are in differentRead MoreDoes God Exist?563 Words   |  2 PagesDoes God exist? There is no evidence that any god exist, so I assume that there isn’t one. I do not believe in a heaven or a hell! Although, I wonder where did we come from? Where will we end up after death? Will we rot underneath the soil? There are over twenty different religions with answers; some similar, some different but overall, majority of them are bias. Bias, because none of them are proven. In today’s society, we humans have adapted through evolutions by using our surroundings such likeRead MoreDoes God Exist? The Existence Of God?1876 Words   |  8 PagesDoes God Exist? The existence of God is a question that has troubled and plagued mankind since it began to consider logic. Is there a God? How can we be sure that God exists? Can you prove to me that He is real? Does His existence, or lack thereof, make a significant difference? These loaded questions strike at the heart of human existence. But the real question is, can we answer any of them? These questions are answered in the arguments of St. Thomas Aquinas, Blaise Pascal and St. Anselm ofRead More Does God Exist? Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pages Proof Of The Exsistence of God Either God exists or He doesnt. There is no middle ground. Any attempt to remain neutral in relation to Gods existence is automatically synonymous with unbelief. The question for Gods existence is really important. Does God exist? Theology, cosmological, teleological and ontological arguments are all have ways to prove the existence of God. With all of these great arguments how can one deny that there is a God. There is a God and with these reasons I will proveRead MoreDoes God Exist? Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesDoes God exist? The question of Gods existence is a perplexing one, the only evidence we have of God is what we are told from those who worship him, and unknowns can be debated logically if a higher being is in control. It has been written that in the beginning there was man and there was woman, and God put the two together to create a new race of beings. We are to assume then that God gave these beings a soul to distinguish them from other beings, for example, plants. The soul is often arguedRead MoreDoes God Really Exists? Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesDoes God Really Exists The idea of God has been one of the most debatable issues since the dawn of humanity and with it guided as well as deluded most lives in the pursuit for the truth. The impacts springing from the notion of God has from time memorial changed history, inspired more poetry and music including philosophy more than anything else, imagined or real. Peter Kreft once concluded that â€Å"The idea of God is either a fact, like sand, or a fantasy like Santa† (Lawhead, p. 334). Over the causeRead MoreDoes God Exist? Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesmany rational arguments for and against the existence of God. It is based on the views of some of the great philosophers and scientists of our world. I will show that there is no sufficient proof or comprehensive arguments for the existence of God. Some people search for eternal peace through the beliefs in God; but this is an impossible belief because of the chances, the plausibility, and because of science. ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS God generally refers to one supreme, holy, personal being,. The

Artisan Product Report

Question: Write the Report on Artisan Product. Answer: Introduction In this report, the concept for an artisan product named Tang Yuan in mandarin has been developed. Tang Yuan is a Chinese food. This report outlines and explores various issues related with the production of Tang Yuan that is suitable for sale to the public. In order to address these issues in appropriate manner appropriate theories and literatures related with it has been discussed. At first the product description has been provided along with the product heritage. Then it has been discussed how Tang Yuan is appropriate for selling in this context. After that the recipe of the product has been analyzed along with the authenticity issues. It has been found that there are various rules and regulations related with food safety. Hence, the manufacturers of Tang Yuan have to implement all these food standards in order to make it acceptable globally. Finally the benefits of the food products have been discussed. Product Description and Heritage Tang Yuan skin made from the pumpkin flesh. Wu et al. (2012) stated that that, Tang Yuan is filled with ground black sesame seeds and mixed with sugar. Tang Yuan is made from glutinous flour mixed with a small amount of water to form balls. Then it is cooked and served in boiling water. They are mainly served in round shaped balls and bowls. Yan (2012) stated that Tang Yuan symbolizes family togetherness. The method of preparation of Tang Yuan differs in accordance with the geographical location. Yan (2012) stated that, yuanxiao is prepared by placing balls of filling into a basket. This basket is filled with glutinous rice flour. Then the basket has to be shaken until the sprinking water gets over it and the flour becomes a coating. On the contrary, Tang Yuan is prepared by initiating with balls of rice flour dough. Then all the fillings are inserted in it. After cooking, savoury filled with tangyuan are served in a clear soup bowl. Chee-Beng, (2012) stated that sweet Tang Yuan are served in a ginger infused syrup. It has been found that unfilled Tang Yuan soup is served as a part of sweet dessert soup. The common types of soup include back sesame soup, red bean soup, Ginger and rock sugar (Thgersen Zhou, 2012). Context that the Product will be Sold Xu et al (2012) stated that, Tang Yuan is the food that is eaten during festivals. However presently it has become a dessert eaten by Chinese for all the year as a dessert. It is presently recognized as a festival food. It is also served as dessert in Chinese weddings, Lantern festival and Winter Solstice festival. It is also served during various occasions such as family reunion. For most of the Chinese families in overseas and mainland China Tang Yuan is generally eaten together with family (Chee-Beng, 2012). For this reason Tang Yuan is appropriate food to be sold. It represents togetherness. It will provide consumers the opportunity to spend good times with their family in weekends. It is available in different flavors and colors that can attract both children and their parents. Chee-Beng (2012) stated that, Tang Yuan will also show the cultural heritage of Mainland China. Hence this Artisan food will uphold the Chinese culture in front of the whole world. Recipe of Tang Yuan Suitability It has been found that originally Tang Yuan is a food eaten during different Chinese festivals. However, presently it has become a dessert that consumed for the whole year rather than just as festive food. It has been fund that Tang Yuan is traditionally white in color. However, in order to make it suitable for all the needs and demands of customer, new flavors and colors of Tang Yuan have been developed (Cheung Wu, 2012). It has evolved as a dessert that is consumed by Chinese in any season of China. It is mixed with sesame, sweet bean paste and peanuts and places them into bamboo baskets. In southern areas, the variation is larger. Sweet filling can be included by using chocolate paste, fruit preserve, red bean paste and chopped peanuts and sugar. History Xu et al (2012) mentioned that historically there are various different names were used to indicate Tang Yuan. Derived from the Yuanxiao festival during the Yongle era of Ming Dynasty, the name of the product is officially setteled as yuanxiao (Flowers Swan, 2012). It was mainly used in North China. In previous years, this food is mainly served during the full moon of the Chinese New Year. However, in South China it was called tangtuan or tangyuan. Mak et al. (2012) stated that Yuan Shikai disliked the name yuanxiao as it sounds similar reomove Yuan. For this reason he ordered to change the name to tangyuan. Authenticity Issues In North China, minced meats and vegetables are used in Tang Yuan. Hence, it has been found that there is no fixed ingredient for this artisan food. However, food consumers all over the world are demanding information related with the content and origin of the food. For this reason, all the food manufacturers have provided relevant information about the ingredients to prove food authenticity and the point of origins of the products. Hence, while preparing Tang Yuan food manufacturers need to prevent false description of the ingredients and stop using cheaper ingredients to reduce authenticity issues. Governmental and Historical Regulations need to be Applied ISO 22000 ISO 22000 is developed by the international organizational to measure food safety of products. Lawley et al (2012) stated that it is a derivative of ISO 9000 (Chee-Beng, 2012). The manufacturers of Tang Yuan needs to develop foods in accordance to ISO 22000 standard. The manufactures need imply system management, interactive communication, prerequisite programs and HACCP principles to improve the food standard of Tang Yuan. State Food and Drug Administration 2003 It has been found that food safety is one of the growing concerns in the Chinese agriculture. The Chinese government controls agricultural production along food packaging, food containers and business regulations. In the year of 2003, in order to consolidate food regulations, the Chinese government has developed State food and Drug Administration. According to it all food manufacturers need to label their products as green foods, pollution-free foods and organic foods. The manufactures of Tang Yuan have to meet all the safety procedures mentioned in the State food and Drug Administration 2003. If they are going to add fruits and vegetables in the food, then they need to develop separate feasibility section to check the quality and safety standards of vegetables (Lawley et al, 2012). Food Hygiene Regulation 2006 According to this act, each process related with food preparation, processing, handing, storage, distribution are the part of food business activity. According to this act manufacturers of Tang Yuan have to: Ensure that Tang Yuan is stored and sold in a hygienic way The manufacturers need to identify food safety hazards They have to understand which steps in your activities are essential for food safety They have to make sure that safety controls are in place, reviewed and maintained properly Product Potential and Possible Uses Tang Yuan is glutinous rice balls stuffed with different flavors of paste filling. It is a Chinese dessert and a light yet tasty food option for both festivals and after meals. Mak et al. (2012) stated that in past years it was only eaten during Lantern Festival. Wu et al. (2012) mentioned that it is the first full moon in the Lunar New Year. Traditional food of this day is Tang Yuan. In this day people of China are engaged in fun activities. They play various types of Chinese games and riddles. Hence, selling this food will bring a sense of festive in the mind of customers. Different flavors and colors of the food will help consumers to cherish their memory for long time. It will force them to come back to the specific manufacturers or restaurants that sale Tang Yuan. Conclusion In this report the concept and design of an artisan food product Tang Yuan has been developed. It is Chinese heritage food that was mainly eaten in China in various festivals like Lantern festivals. It is equally famous in both North and South China. However due to some cultural differences between South and North China it has some difference in taste and color. This food can bring the sense of togetherness among people. It can also bring the sense of joy among people. Hence it can bring potential benefit to the business. However, the manufactures needs to take care of the rules and regulations related with food safety and hygiene in order to make it acceptable for the global customers. Reference List Chee-Beng, T. (Ed.). (2012).Chinese food and foodways in Southeast Asia and beyond. NUS Press. Chen, M. Y., Yang, Y. H., Ho, C. J., Wang, S. H., Liu, S. M., Chang, E., ... Ouhyoung, M. (2012). Automatic chinese food identification and quantity estimation. InSIGGRAPH Asia 2012 Technical Briefs(p. 29). ACM. Cheung, S., Wu, D. Y. (Eds.). (2012).Globalization of Chinese Food. Routledge. Counihan, C., Van Esterik, P. (2012).Food and culture: A reader. Routledge. Flowers, R., Swan, E. (2012). Eating the Asian other? Pedagogies of food multiculturalism in Australia.Portal Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies,9(2), 1-30. Hamada, N., Ogino, H. (2012). Food safety regulations: what we learned from the Fukushima nuclear accident.Journal of environmental radioactivity,111, 83-99. Lawley, R., Curtis, L., Davis, J. (2012).The food safety hazard guidebook. Royal Society of Chemistry. Li, Y., Zhou, Y. C., Yang, M. H., Ou-Yang, Z. (2012). Natural occurrence of citrinin in widely consumed traditional Chinese food red yeast rice, medicinal plants and their related products.Food Chemistry,132(2), 1040-1045. Liu, H., Kerr, W. A., Hobbs, J. E. (2012). A review of Chinese food safety strategies implemented after several food safety incidents involving export of Chinese aquatic products.British Food Journal,114(3), 372-386. Mak, A. H., Lumbers, M., Eves, A., Chang, R. C. (2012). Factors influencing tourist food consumption.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), 928-936. Pierson, M. D. (2012).HACCP: principles and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Thgersen, J., Zhou, Y. (2012). Chinese consumers adoption of a greeninnovationThe case of organic food.Journal of Marketing Management,28(3-4), 313-333. Wu, P., Pan, X., Wang, L., Shen, X., Yang, D. (2012). A survey of ethyl carbamate in fermented foods and beverages from Zhejiang, China.Food control,23(1), 286-288. Xu, P., Zeng, Y., Fong, Q., Lone, T., Liu, Y. (2012). Chinese consumers willingness to pay for green-and eco-labeled seafood.Food Control,28(1), 74-82. Yan, Y. (2012). Food safety and social risk in contemporary China.The Journal of Asian Studies,71(03), 705-729.

Universal Design and Differentiated Instruction for students with Special Needs

Purpose The purpose of this review is determining how students with special needs have developed academically as well as establishing co-teachers’ level of skills. Differentiated instruction is a teaching theory that is applied in relation to the personal and various students’ technicalities.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Universal Design and Differentiated Instruction for students with Special Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is aimed at giving students a number of choices and information to add up their thoughts. This mode of teaching necessitates co-teachers to be flexible in their presentations and vary their teaching according to students’ expectations (Scruggs, Mastropieri, McDuffie, 2007, pp. 400-416). The increased number of special cases has called for teachers and teacher educators to greatly value differentiated instruction as a more assisting tool to help special s tudents succeed. This article analyses the basis behind Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Differentiated Instruction for students with special needs. This is prompted by the desire for a more flexible design of program to decrease barriers to students’ access to materials as well as learning environment (Smith, Robb, West, Tyler 2010, pp. 25-35). Differentiated training is a system of finding out the various student potentials. This is aimed at maximizing growth and success of individual students based on their background, preparedness, language as well as preference. The aim of differentiated instruction is to inculcate skills to co-teachers to positively impact learning to a range of students in various situations. Students with disabilities require different handling to achieve the required excellence effectively (Smith et al., 2010, p. 35-43). For this to be achieved, co-teachers require special skills such as adequate time planning, voluntary contribution, respect fulness, broad teaching stance, managerial support as well as instructional values and performance. Design To enhance education for students with disabilities, Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) requires that co-teachers should be trained on differentiated instructions. This is aimed at ensuring that students with disabilities receive instructions they deserve as well as achieve their full potential (Fernsten, 2012, pp. 147-149). Special skills and knowledge are essential in the achievement of the goal of educating students with special needs. No Child Left Behind and IDEI Act aim at the provision of general education curriculum and programs to students with special needs in the least restraining environment. This has necessitated provision of exceptional work to cater for appropriate accommodations and modifications in the general education classroom. The special education teacher should provide more instructions to special students in order to help the m understand and comprehend the logic (Smith et al., 2010, p. 35).Advertising Looking for article on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To accommodate the needy student, teachers may provide short-term assistance or redirect tasks to prompt attention. For instance, an instructor may stand at a mailbox to ensure each student put their folder in the right slot or move about the classroom picking littered materials. Research has stressed on the importance of instructor training, content mastery, small class presentation as well as increased interest in order to overcome co-teaching challenges. To improve on co-teachers’ services, they need to be flexible, increase model usage, vary instructional patterns, communicate actively as well as seek more training(Smith et al., 2010, p. 35). For successful co-teaching, administrative support as well collaboration with general teachers has to be effective. Study has linked t eacher collaboration to amplified confidence, which can result to more testing, risk-taking as well as constant improvement. Conclusion Co-teaching is helpful to general as well as special education students socially and academically (Fernsten, 2012, pp. 148-150). Recommendations such as time management, student appreciation as well as good relations of co-teachers will result to their development. The special education teacher plays a vital role in a co-taught classroom hence collaboration is of great essence. The general teacher usually employs the whole class whereas the co-teacher assists students requiring special attention. There has been contentment to teachers, administrators as well as students from the practice of co-teaching. Study shows that great improvement to education of students with special needs has resulted from the skills that co-teachers learn in addition volunteerism (Scruggs et al., 2007, pp. 400-416). Critique Classroom instructional practices have not been altered considerably in reaction to co-teaching. They have been generally upheld as whole class, impelling the special education co-teachers to try and fit within this model to support the needy students. To co-teach effectively and efficiently, a number of recommendations have been made: study skills training, managerial skills training, peer mediation, strategy instruction, self-monitoring and advocacy skills.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Universal Design and Differentiated Instruction for students with Special Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, the model of co-teaching is actually being utilized less effectively than it should in reality be (Smith et al., 2010, p. 35). A good relation involving the co-teacher and the general educator requires full respect as well as understanding. Genuine collaboration must be natural, voluntary, impulsive as well as development tailored. The dominance of general education teacher is brought about by class ownership, content base and large number of general students; not expertise or experience. This inclines the special education teacher to offering assistance in the context of the existing classroom, mediating a high level of content knowledge for acceptance (Scruggs et al., 2007, p. 400). Hence, educators should understand the co-teaching setting to implement the least restrictive learning environment for students with special needs effectively. Although sometimes it is difficult to implement, digital media may help teachers to realize UDL. References Fernsten, L. A. (2012). Promoting Student Comprehension with Cooperative Learning. Social Education, 76(3), 147-150. Scruggs, T. E., Mastropieri, M. A., McDuffie, K. A. (2007). Co-teaching in inclusive classrooms: A metasynthesis of qualitative research. Exceptional Children, 73(4), 392-416. Smith, D. D., Robb, S. M., West, J., Tyler, N. C. (2010). The changing education landsca pe: How special education leadership preparation can make a difference for teachers and their students with disabilities. Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 33(1), 25-43. This article on Universal Design and Differentiated Instruction for students with Special Needs was written and submitted by user Kimora Witt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sustainable Supply Chains

Introduction to Sustainable Supply Chains A supply chain is a system in organizations, technology, information, people, resources, and activities that involves moving a product or service from the supplier to the customer.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainable Supply Chains specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sustainable supply chains are supply chains with the ability of helping organizations to grow, protect, and create long term social, economic and environmental value for shareholders involved in bringing products and services to the market. Supply chain sustainability is the management of social, economic, and environmental impacts and the encouragement of practices of good governance through the lifecycle of services and goods. Sustainable supply chain management is the transparent and strategic achievement and integration of economic, environmental, and social goals in an organization in a systematic c oordination of key business inter-organizational processes for improving the economic performance on individual companies in the long term (Pullman, Maloni Carter, 2009). Sustainable supply chains are important to ensure that an organization complies with laws and regulations and to support and adhere to international principles for sustainable business conduct. Organizations adopt sustainable supply chain to reduce costs of operations in order to maximize profits. The organizations acquire the potential of satisfying the interests of stakeholders and the society. Examples of successful sustainable supply chains are those that practices of collaboration. An example of collaboration is â€Å"investment in alternative modes of transportation to reduce environmental impacts and cost of deliveries†.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the modes of transportation inc lude airports, ships and canals. A successful sustainable supply chain is also in major components of management of supplier relationships. It is applied to create efficient way of cutting costs in the retail business (Krause, Vachon Klassen, 2009). For example, Wal-Mart has a Supplier Energy Efficiency Project that are aimed at emission elimination the company’s supply chain.The project’s suppliers â€Å"reduced 3300 metric tons of GHG emissions saving approximately $200,000 costs of energy in 2009†. The suppliers of Wal-Mart were requested its suppliers to show efficiency in management of environmental footprint as a measure of reducing cost and realize this benefit. This could save energy, time, and cost for the company. IBM has a sustainable supply chain in which it conducts studies annually to address the issues in its supply chain. The company prepares strategies to overcome global challenges that arise from globalization to create business value (Pagell Wu, 2009). Difference Between Traditional Supply Chains and Sustainable Supply Chains Have Created Competitive Advantage For OrganizationsAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainable Supply Chains specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When accurately designed, traditional or conventional supply chains present clientele the advantages of quality enhancement, reduced overheads, and rapid delivery. Sustainable supply chain offer reduced costs and create value in the supply chain. Supply chain managers face challenges of changes in requirements of expertise in today’s business long-term trends. Business trends in recent years involve increasing intensity of competition and demand in environmental protection, resource scarcity, and security arising from the ongoing globalization. Businesses have to adopt better business systems that have the potential of satisfying stakeholders and customers. This makes the tradi tional supply chain insufficient in the modern business world. Under the objectives of a variety performance, a new prototype of a more complicated supply chain is emerging that caters for the needs of sustainable and developing competitiveness. The main differences between the traditional and sustainable supply chain is that the traditional supply chain is a drive of prices and decouple strategically but the sustainable supply chain is a drive of value and couple strategically. This means that management and design of supply chains should deliver specific outcomes, such as security, sustainability, innovation, cost reduction, and resilience (Pagell, Wu Wasserma, 2010). Paulraj (2011) identified that sustainable supply chains create competitive advantage in businesses by managing risks, creating sustainable production, and realizing efficiencies.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managing business risks minimizes disruptions in business from social, economic, and environmental impacts. Managing business risks also protects the brand value and reputation of the company. Companies can protect themselves from interruptions in their potential supply chains associated with labor, human rights, governmental practices, environmental practices, and suppliers’ human rights by ensuring that suppliers comply with management systems and programmes covering sustainable supply chain management principles. Managing risks ensures that a company has access to resources. A company with a sustainable supply chain has the potential of reducing future liability and additional costs. Therefore, companies with sustainable supply chains understand the different strategies to undertake to ensure productivity and efficiency. Realizing efficiencies occurs when sustainable supply chains reduce costs of energy, transportation, and material inputs. Realizing efficiencies also incr ease labor production and create efficiencies across the entire supply chain. Creating sustainable products involve meeting the requirements of business and customer partners and innovating to satisfy the changing market. A company can reduce costs of supply through creating strong health, safety, and labor practices, increasing the understanding of key processes in the supply chain, and designing systems and processes that reduce required inputs. Companies create competitive advantage through developing new products and improving existing products through collaborating with suppliers on sustainable issues that foster product innovation. Sustainable supply chain creates competitive advantage by providing understanding of the business value and incorporated ideas in the market by competitors. This is addresses as benchmarking against the competitors. Sustainable supply chain enables an understanding of customer, suppliers, and shareholder expectations creating maximum return on the i nvestments of the company. A sustainable supply chain creates a vision for the company providing direction of the company’s strategies and defining the company’s commitment to achieve competitive advantage. The company can evaluate and identify areas that need improvement to create competitive advantage (Reuter, Foerstl, Hartmann Blome, 2010). Challenges in Building Sustainable Supply Chains Supply chain managers face challenges because of the increase in the requirements of management expertise in the long-term trends of companies today. These trends include the increasing intensity of competition, ongoing globalization, environmental protection, resource scarcity, and the growing security demand in businesses. Businesses are also requiring cost efficient, flexible, and reliable business systems that have the capability of supporting customer differentiation. Modern supply chain managers have to confront complex and dynamic supply chains becoming difficult to predict developments and trends in the long term (Paulraj, 2011). Supply chain management has to come up with additional plans that extend beyond the operational scope of the current activities. Supply chain managers need to understand and identify the new sustainability issues in their businesses and company environment to respond to respond to the changes in the long term trends and to remain competitive. This challenges calls for international, global, and the fragmented supply chain to apply skills of networking and creating efficient supply chain operations that adapt to sustainable demands to create sustainable customer focused supply chains in the long term. This is because sustainable supply chains must be able to create sustainable competitive advantage (Pullman, Maloni Carter, 2009). Challenges of building sustainable supply chains can arise from the weak and non-built relationships of companies with suppliers. It becomes difficult for companies to form strong relationships with suppliers because some of the suppliers are untrustworthy in that they fail to deliver the quantity and quality paid by the company. The owners or managers have to inspect the suppliers, especially in cases in which the suppliers can corrupt the employees easily. Challenges can arise when the company has inadequate capital to pay the suppliers at the required time. The company can strain to pay the suppliers or the suppliers can reduce business relationships with the company. Challenges in building a sustainable supply chain can arise when the suppliers create inconsistencies in price and quality without providing notice to the purchasing enterprise. This means that this change would pass to the customers creating inefficiency in the supply chain (Reuter, Foerstl, Hartmann Blome, 2010). According to Pullman, Maloni and Carter (2009), challenges can arise when the suppliers have a poor record from the purchasing entity making it difficult for the purchasing enterprise to keep a tre nd of their suppliers in frequency of supply, quality of supply, and prices of supply. This makes it difficult for the purchasing enterprise to build a strong relationship with the supplier. Challenges in building sustainable supply chain can result from poor planning where the purchasing enterprise makes quick decisions on the supplier without taking time to understand the competence of the supplier. This makes it difficult for the supplier and the purchase enterprise to create good relationships when the problems in the supply chain begin to occur. Other challenges arise from unfair competition based on prices, high prices for poor quality of products, lack of customer records and statistics, and interpersonal challenges, such as religious differences, race, and social status. Cases of corruption can arise from the purchase enterprises to suppliers passing on the costs through price increments on the customers. Corruption destroys the sustainability in the supply chains. Challenge s can arise from changes in government levies and taxes. Government taxes and levies affect cost of operations to both the suppliers and the purchasing enterprises leading to additional costs that have to depict in changes in the quantity, quality, and prices of products and services in the market. These changes affect the satisfaction of the shareholders and customers forcing them to shift to competitors. The company profits and resources decrease leading to collapse of some of the supply chains (Pagell Wu, 2009). Management Implications to the Importance and Challenges in Building Sustainable Supply Chains Various enterprises strive to build positive public relations to improve image and reputation essential for attracting and maintaining potential and competent suppliers and customers. A company can improve the nature and frequency of communication to customers and suppliers to maintain or improve sustainable supply chains. Some enterprises offer promotional items and credit to customers in efforts to build strong relationships for sustainable supply chains. Business enterprises reduce prices below that of competitors and improve quality of products to attract customers. This is difficult because cost of production match prices, quantity, and quality and reducing the prices means that the quality or quantity will decline. Enterprises have difficult time managing sustainable supply chains with prices, especially when the business has obligation of satisfying the stakeholders, customers and suppliers (Paulraj, 2011). According to Reuter, Foerstl, Hartmann and Blome (2010), business enterprises provide quality and unique services to loyal customers and suppliers to attract and maintain them. This action strengthens their relationships making it easy to build a sustainable supply chain. This has been possible through creation of clubs, especially in retail shops and food points (Lamp, 2011). Enterprises result to supporting sporting events, channels, and teams to nurture prestige and good reputation of businesses. Businesses offer sponsorships and donations to the society to attract the attention and interest in the members in the supply chain. Business enterprises also offer newspapers and special seats to the members of the supply chain to ensure good relationships and image. Businesses enterprises have also put extra efforts in building sustainable supply chains by paying its suppliers promptly and involving the suppliers and customers in their business and personal functions and initiatives. For example, Unilever is multinational company that earns annual revenue of more than $50 billion in approximately 400 brands. It sources from 100000 non-production suppliers and 10000 suppliers of raw materials. The company approximately purchases 3% of the world’s palm oil and 6% of the world’s black tea (Krause, Vachon, Klassen, 2009). Securing sustainable supply chains is critical for sustaining growth and the success of the bu siness in the future. The company has developed tangible benefits in business through sustainable supply chains. The company invests resources and time in building strong relationships with suppliers, customers, and stakeholders. The company achieves this by providing good wage incomes, managing environmental issues, such as climate change and waste, and ensuring good working conditions in the supply chains. Unilever’s ability to maintain sustainability in chain of supply helps in creating cost efficiency in the company operations, improve company’s reputational image, and assist in securing and stabilizing business long-term operations.. Unilever has created competitive advantage successfully through building sustainable supply chains (Pagell, Wu Wasserma, 2010). References Krause, D., Vachon, S., Klassen, R. (2009). Special topic forum on sustainable supply chain management: introduction and reflections on the role of purchasing management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(4), 18-25. Lamp, C. (2011). Essentials of marketing. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Pagell, M. Wu, Z. (2009). Building a more complete theory of sustainable supply chain management using case studies of 10 exemplars. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(2), 37-56. Pagell, M., Wu, Z., Wasserma, M. (2010). Thinking differently about purchasing portfolios: an assessment of sustainable sourcing. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 46(1), 57-73. Paulraj, A. (2011). Understanding the relationships between internal resources and capabilities, sustainable supply management and organizational sustainability. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(1), 19-37. Pullman, M., Maloni, M., Carter, C. (2009). Food for thought: social versus environmental sustainability practices and performance outcomes. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(4), 38-54. Reuter, C., Foerstl, K., Hartmann, E., Blome, C. (2010). Sustainable global supplier management: the role of dynamic capabiliti es in achieving competitive advantage. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 46(2), 45-63. This report on Sustainable Supply Chains was written and submitted by user Camila Harvey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition of Japanese Hontou, or Really

Definition of Japanese Hontou, or Really Those of us for whom English is our first language might not realize how much we use the word really in everyday conversations. Often, someone will tell us a startling fact or make a somewhat surprising statement and the natural response is, Really? There are many ways to say the word really for speakers of Japanese. One of the most common ways is  hontou. Writing and Saying Hontou Japanese Characters: æÅ" ¬Ã¥ ½â€œÃ£â‚¬â€š (㠁 »Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£â‚¬â€š)Pronunciation of Hontou. Other Ways to Say Really? hontou ni: Really, however, there is a stronger emphasis on the ni so it tends to be a stronger version of the word in verbal and written form. Examples of really in a Japanese formal conversation are: Hontou ni hajimete desu ka? (Is it really your first time?); Hontou ni yoku nite iru! (She’s really like you!); Hontou ni sono saabisu wa tadadesuka? (So is your service really free?).hontou desu ka: Are you sure? can be used in  place of hontou in formal situations.  Hontou desu ka allows you to express more doubt when saying really? in Japanese.sou desu ka: Is that so? or Are you sure?hontoudesu: It is true, or It is a fact.honki: Really. Hon means true, and ki means spirit or state of being. Example: Honki desu ka? (Are you serious?) Resources and Further Reading â€Å"Hontou?† Nihongo De Care-Navi, Japan Foundation Japanese-Language Institute, 2019.â€Å"Question to Teacher: HONTOU versus HONTOUNI.† Japanese From Zero, Yes Japan, 17 July 2009.

Military Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Military Strategy - Essay Example In the case of the War on Terror by the United States and its allies, non-state actors refer to organisations actively pursuing or having war with the United States. There are a number of these organisations which involve themselves in terrorism in trying to attain their objectives, for example Hezbollah and al-Qaeda. These two are called non-state actors because they are organisations whose aims are far higher than the aims of normally recognized nation-states. And they pursue their goals through terrorism like suicide bombings, sabotage and all sorts of creating panic and fear against their enemies. In the current controversy over Iran’s nuclear programme in which Iran categorically denies that it is building nuclear weapons, various scenarios can happen. As a deterrent, the United States wants to destroy Iran’s nuclear facilities. Now Iran is trying to close the Strait of Hormuz, to block the flow of commerce in the region. But when the United States stops Iranâ€⠄¢s blockage of this important sea channel, it can push through and go as far as bombing Iran’s nuclear facilities. As the US bombs Iran, Iran will instruct Hezbollah to conduct suicide bombing against Israel but US bombing will force Iran to stop Hezbollah from retaliating. Hezbollah, a militant organisation whose aims are for the advancement of the Palestinian people who are living along the Gaza Strip in Israel, may or may not provoke Israel. This is because Iran can stop it to continue attacking Israel through suicide bombing while at the same time convincing the US to stop the bombing. But it is a different story with Hezbollah in the field of battle. Hezbollah can be deterred only when it concerns the Palestinians. On the other hand, if groups like the al Qaeda were given the chance to possess nuclear weapons, they won’t hesitate to use these weapons against America or the United Kingdom, and Israel. Terrorist groups may not anymore be content of killing thousand s of Americans or the enemies they call ‘infidels’, but millions, and they use the Quran to justify their murderous desire. Deterrence is the only way wherein the United States and its allies can stop these terrorists. And deterrence means looking after every terrorist ‘cell’, which is just waiting for the right time to move and pull the trigger. Iran and other terrorist groups have long desired to manufacture nuclear weapons. The only way this can be stopped is through deterrent actions. Al-Qaeda has been stopped – at least temporarily – with the killing of their leader Osama bin Laden. An example of deterrent is denying rights to suspected terrorists. Rosenberg cites an instance wherein Homeland Security denied suspected terrorists entry into the U.S. and that action actually saved lives. There was this guy who was stopped from entering the U.S. border because an agent didn’t feel that he was legitimate. The U.S. Homeland Security fou nd, two years later, that he was a suicide bomber. His hands were found attached to the steering wheel after a suicide truck bombing in Iraq. The U.S. authorities in Iraq took the fingerprints from those hands and ran them through the Homeland Security database to see who he was. They identified the man and confirmed that he had tried to enter U.S. territories but had been refused (Rosenberg 137). 2. War Termination   It s said that when a war ends, there are no victors, only losers. The metaphor to this saying is that both sides are